实验4 NoSQL和关系数据库的操作比较

1. 实验目的

(1)理解四种数据库(MySQL、 HBase、 Redis 和 MongoDB)的概念以及不同点;
(2)熟练使用四种数据库操作常用的 Shell 命令;
(3)熟悉四种数据库操作常用的 Java API。

2.实验平台

(1) 操作系统: Linux(Ubuntu-22.04.2);
(2) Hadoop 版本: 3.1.3;
(3) MySQL 版本: 8.0.32;
(4) HBase 版本: 2.2.2;
(5) Redis 版本: 7.0.10;
(6) MongoDB 版本: 6.0.5;
(7) JDK 版本: 1.8;
(8) Java IDE: Eclipse;

3.实验步骤与结果

(一) MySQL 数据库操作

学生表如 14-7 所示。

表 14-7 学生表 Student

Name English Math Computer
zhangsan 69 86 77
lisi 55 100 88

\1. 根据上面给出的 Student 表,在 MySQL 数据库中完成如下操作:
(1)在 MySQL 中创建 Student 表,并录入数据;

img

img
(2) 用 SQL 语句输出 Student 表中的所有记录;

img
(3) 查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩;

img(4) 修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩, 改为 95。

img
2.根据上面已经设计出的 Student 表,使用 MySQL 的 JAVA 客户端编程实现以下操作
(1)向 Student 表中添加如下所示的一条记录:

scofield 45 89 100

JAVA代码:

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import java.sql.*;
public class mysql_test {

/**
* @param xusheng
*/
//JDBC DRIVER and DB
static final String DRIVER="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
static final String DB="jdbc:mysql://localhost/mysql?useSSL=false";
//Database auth
static final String USER="root";
static final String PASSWD="mynewpassword";

public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Connection conn=null;
Statement stmt=null;
try {
//加载驱动程序
Class.forName(DRIVER);
System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
//打开一个连接
conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DB, USER, PASSWD);
//执行一个查询
stmt=conn.createStatement();
String sql="insert into student values('scofield',45,89,100)";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("Inserting records into the table successfully!");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally
{
if(stmt!=null)
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(conn!=null)
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}


  1. img

img

(2) 获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息

JAVA代码:

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import java.sql.*;
public class mysql_qurty {

/**
* @param args
*/
//JDBC DRIVER and DB
static final String DRIVER="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
static final String DB="jdbc:mysql://localhost/mysql?useSSL=false";
//Database auth
static final String USER="root";
static final String PASSWD="mynewpassword";

public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Connection conn=null;
Statement stmt=null;
ResultSet rs=null;
try {
//加载驱动程序
Class.forName(DRIVER);
System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
//打开一个连接
conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DB, USER, PASSWD);
//执行一个查询
stmt=conn.createStatement();
String sql="select name,English from student where name='scofield' ";
//获得结果集
rs=stmt.executeQuery(sql);
System.out.println("name"+"\t\t"+"English");
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.print(rs.getString(1)+"\t\t");
System.out.println(rs.getInt(2));
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally
{
if(rs!=null)
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
if(stmt!=null)
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(conn!=null)
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}


img
(二) HBase 数据库操作
学生表 Student 如表 14-8 所示。

表 14-8 学生表 Student

name score
English Math Computer
zhangsan 69 86 77
lisi 55 100 88

\1. 根据上面给出的学生表 Student 的信息, 执行如下操作:
(1) 用 Hbase Shell 命令创建学生表 Student;img

(2)用 scan 命令浏览 Student 表的相关信息;img

(3)查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩;

img

(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩, 改为 95。

img

2.根据上面已经设计出的 Student 表, 用 HBase API 编程实现以下操作:
(1)添加数据: English:45 Math:89 Computer:100

scofield 45 89 100

JAVA代码:

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import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;

public class hbase_insert {

/**
* @param xusheng
*/
public static Configuration configuration;
public static Connection connection;
public static Admin admin;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
configuration.set("hbase.rootdir","hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
//configuration.set("hbase.rootdir","hdfs://hadoop102:8020/HBase");
//configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum","hadoop102,hadoop103,hadoop104");

try{
connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
admin = connection.getAdmin();
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
insertRow("student","scofield","score","English","45");
insertRow("student","scofield","score","Math","89");
insertRow("student","scofield","score","Computer","100");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
close();
}
public static void insertRow(String tableName,String rowKey,String colFamily,
String col,String val) throws IOException {
Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes());
put.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes(), val.getBytes());
table.put(put);
table.close();
}
public static void close(){
try{
if(admin != null){
admin.close();
}
if(null != connection){
connection.close();
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}


执行完上述代码以后,可以用scan命令输出数据库数据,以检验是否插入成功,执行结果截图如图所示。

img

(2) 获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息。

JAVA代码:

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import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;

public class hbase_query {

public static Configuration configuration;
public static Connection connection;
public static Admin admin;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
configuration.set("hbase.rootdir","hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");

try{
connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
admin = connection.getAdmin();
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
getData("student","scofield","score","English");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
close();
}
public static void getData(String tableName,String rowKey,String colFamily,
String col)throws IOException{
Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes());
get.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(),col.getBytes());
Result result = table.get(get);
showCell(result);
table.close();
}
public static void showCell(Result result){
Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
for(Cell cell:cells){
System.out.println("RowName:"+new String(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell))+" ");
System.out.println("Timetamp:"+cell.getTimestamp()+" ");
System.out.println("column Family:"+new String(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell))+" ");
System.out.println("row Name:"+new String(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell))+" ");
System.out.println("value:"+new String(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell))+" ");
}
}
public static void close(){
try{
if(admin != null){
admin.close();
}
if(null != connection){
connection.close();
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}


控制台中输出如下信息:

img

(三) Redis 数据库操作
Student 键值对如下:

zhangsan:{ English: 69 Math: 86 Computer: 77 } lisi:{ English: 55 Math: 100 Computer: 88 }

\1. 根据上面给出的键值对, 完成如下操作:
( 1) 用 Redis 的哈希结构设计出学生表 Student( 键值可以用 student.zhangsan 和
student.lisi 来表示两个键值属于同一个表);

img

img

(2) 用 hgetall 命令分别输出 zhangsan 和 lisi 的成绩信息;

img

(3) 用 hget 命令查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩;

img

(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩, 改为 95。

img

2.根据上面已经设计出的学生表 Student, 用 Redis 的 JAVA 客户端编程(jedis),实现如下操
作:
(1)添加数据: English:45 Math:89 Computer:100

该数据对应的键值对形式如下:

scofield:{ English: 45 Math: 89 Computer: 100 }

JAVA代码:

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import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
public class jedis_test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//https://blog.csdn.net/lixiaoxiong55/article/details/81592800
//连接本地的 Redis 服务
Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");
System.out.println("连接成功");
// jedis.hset("Student.scofield", "English", "45");
// jedis.hset("Student.scofield", "Math", "89");
// jedis.hset("Student.scofield", "Computer","100");
// System.out.println("success!");
String re = jedis.hget("Student.scofield", "English");
System.out.println(re);
}
}




img

(2) 获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息

JAVA代码:

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import java.util.Map;

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;

public class jedis_query {



public static void main(String[] args) {

​ *// TODO Auto-generated method stub*

Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");

​ String value=jedis.hget("student.scofield", "English");

​ System.out.println("scofield's English score is: "+value);

}

}

img

(四) MongoDB 数据库操作
Student 文档如下:

{ “name”: “zhangsan”, “score”: { “English”: 69, “Math”: 86, “Computer”: 77 } } { “name”: “lisi”, “score”: { “English”: 55, “Math”: 100, “Computer”: 88 } }

1.根据上面给出的文档,完成如下操作:
(1) 用 MongoDB Shell 设计出 student 集合;

img

img

(2) 用 find()方法输出两个学生的信息;

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(3) 用 find()方法查询 zhangsan 的所有成绩(只显示 score 列);

img

(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩, 改为 95。

img

2.根据上面已经设计出的 Student 集合,用 MongoDB 的 Java 客户端编程,实现如下操作:
(1) 添加数据: English:45 Math:89 Computer:100
与上述数据对应的文档形式如下:

{ “name”: “scofield”, “score”: { “English”: 45, “Math”: 89, “Computer”: 100 } }

JAVA代码:

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import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.bson.Document;
import org.bson.conversions.Bson;
import com.mongodb.*;
import com.mongodb.client.*;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;


public class mongo_insert
{
MongoClient mongoClient;
MongoDatabase mongoDatabase;
public mongo_insert(String databasename)
{
this.getConnect(databasename);
}
public mongo_insert(String username,String password,String databasename)
{
this.getConnectByPassword(username, password, databasename);
}
public void getConnect(String databasename)
{
mongoClient = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
this.mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase(databasename);
System.out.println("Connect Success!");
}
public void getConnectByPassword(String username,String password,String databasename)
{
List<ServerAddress> adds = new ArrayList<>();
ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost", 27017);
adds.add(serverAddress);
List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<>();
MongoCredential mongoCredential = MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential(username, databasename, password.toCharArray());
credentials.add(mongoCredential);
mongoClient = new MongoClient(adds, credentials);
this.mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase(databasename);
System.out.println("Connect Success!");
}
public static void insertOne(MongoDatabase mongoDatabase,String collectionname,Document document)
{
MongoCollection<Document> collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection(collectionname);
collection.insertOne(document);
System.out.println("Insert document Success!");
}
public static void insertMany(MongoDatabase mongoDatabase,String collectionname,List<Document> documents)
{
MongoCollection<Document> collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection(collectionname);
collection.insertMany(documents);
System.out.println("Insert documents Success!");

}
public static void findAll(MongoDatabase mongoDatabase,String collectionname)
{
MongoCollection<Document> collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection(collectionname);
FindIterable<Document> findIterable = collection.find();
MongoCursor<Document> cursor = findIterable.iterator();
while (cursor.hasNext())
{
System.out.println(cursor.next());
}
}
public static void find(MongoDatabase mongoDatabase,String collectionname,String key,String value)
{
MongoCollection<Document> collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection(collectionname);
Bson filter = Filters.eq(key, value);
FindIterable<Document> findIterable = collection.find(filter);
MongoCursor<Document> cursor = findIterable.iterator();
while (cursor.hasNext())
{
System.out.println(cursor.next());
}
}
public static FindIterable<Document> findReturn(MongoDatabase mongoDatabase,String collectionname,String key,String value)
{
MongoCollection<Document> collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection(collectionname);
Bson filter = Filters.eq(key, value);
FindIterable<Document> findIterable = collection.find(filter);
return findIterable;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
mongo_insert m = new mongo_insert("Student");
// Document document = new Document("name","scofield");
// Document value = new Document("English", "45");
// value.append("Math", 89);
// value.append("Computer", "100");
// document.append("score", value);
// insertOne(m.mongoDatabase, "Student", document);
// findAll(m.mongoDatabase, "Student");
FindIterable<Document> re = findReturn(m.mongoDatabase, "Student", "name", "scofield");
Document results = re.first();
System.out.println(results.get("score"));
}
}



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(2)获取 scofield 的所有成绩成绩信息(只显示 score 列)

JAVA代码:

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import com.mongodb.MongoClient;

import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;

import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;

import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;

import org.bson.Document;



public class mongo_query {

public static void main(String[] args) {
​ MongoClient mongoClient=new MongoClient("localhost",27017);
MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("student");
​ MongoCollection<Document> collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("student");
​ MongoCursor<Document> cursor=collection.find( new Document("name","scofield")).
​ projection(new Document("score",1).append("_id", 0)).iterator();
while(cursor.hasNext())
​ System.out.println(cursor.next().toJson());
}
}

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4.实验总结

1)实验完成情况

实验完成率:100%

2)出现的问题与解决方案

问题1: 使用 MySQL 的 JAVA 客户端编程时出现The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received的错误。

解决: 在MySQL的配置文件下/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf,取消端口3306的注释,错误得以解决

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问题2:用 Redis 的 JAVA 客户端编程(jedis)时报错

img

解决:我发现我导入的jedis里面需要gson的jar包。可能是我本地没有这个jar包导致的。所以,我换了一个低版本的jedis的jar包,里面不需要gson的jar包。我换了一个2.9.0版本的jedis包,然后程序就运行成功了img